阴符经

​ 原文（《阴符经》全文）​​

《阴符经》又称《黄帝阴符经》，传为黄帝所作，是中国古代一部重要的道家经典，涉及哲学、兵法、养生、修炼等内容。以下为通行版本：

​观天之道，执天之行，尽矣。​​
​故天有五贼，见之者昌。五贼在心，施行于天。宇宙在乎手，万化生乎身。​​
​天性，人也；人心，机也。立天之道，以定人也。​​
​世无常贵，事无常师。圣人无常心，以百姓心为心。​​
​天发杀机，移星易宿；地发杀机，龙蛇起陆；人发杀机，天地反覆；天人合发，万变定基。​​
​性有巧拙，可以伏藏。九窍之邪，在乎三要，可以动静。​​
​火生于木，祸发必克；奸生于国，时动必溃。知之修炼，谓之圣人。​​
​天生天杀，道之理也。​​
​天地，万物之盗；万物，人之盗；人，万物之盗。三盗既宜，三才既安。​​
​故曰：食其时，百骸理；动其机，万化安。​​
​人知其神之神，不知不神之所以神也。​​
​日月有数，大小有定；圣功生焉，神明出焉。​​
​其盗机也，天下莫能见，莫能知。君子得之固躬，小人得之轻命。​​
​瞽者善听，聋者善视。绝利一源，用师十倍；三反昼夜，用师万倍。​​
​心生于物，死于物，机在目。​​
​天之无恩而大恩生。迅雷烈风，莫不蠢然。​​
​至乐性余，至静性廉。天之至私，用之至公。​​
​禽之制在气。生者，死之根；死者，生之根。​​
​恩生于害，害生于恩。​​
​愚人以天地文理圣，我以时物文理哲。​​
​人以愚虞圣，我以不愚虞圣；人以奇期圣，我以不奇期圣。​​
​故曰：沉水入火，自取灭亡。​​
​自然之道静，故天地万物生。天地之道浸，故阴阳胜。阴阳相推，变化顺矣。​​
​是故圣人知自然之道不可违，因而制之。至静之道，律历所不能契。​​
​爰有奇器，是生万象，八卦甲子，神机鬼藏。阴阳相胜之术，昭昭乎进乎象矣。​​

​中文翻译（白话释义）​​

（因《阴符经》文简意深，以下为简要意译）

​观察天道运行规律，遵循自然法则行事，这就是全部道理。​​
​天有五种“贼”（指五行、灾祸、机遇等），能洞察的人可昌盛。掌握这些规律，就能主宰宇宙，万般变化皆由自身而生。​​
​天性即人性，人心即机变。确立天道法则，以规范人的行为。​​
​世间没有永恒的尊贵，做事没有固定的老师。圣人没有固定之心，以百姓之心为己心。​​
​天发动杀机，星辰移位；地发动杀机，龙蛇惊动；人发动杀机，天地颠倒。天人合力，万变由此而定。​​
​人性有巧有拙，可以隐藏。九窍（眼耳口鼻等）的邪恶，关键在于三要（精气神），可动可静。​​
​火生于木，祸发必克；奸邪生于国家，时机一到必崩溃。懂得修炼，才是圣人。​​
​天生万物，亦杀万物，这是道的规律。​​
​天地盗取万物，万物盗取人，人盗取万物。三者平衡，天地人和谐。​​
​故曰：按时进食，身体康健；把握时机，万化安宁。​​
​人只看到神奇的表象，却不知平凡中蕴含的真正神奇。​​
​日月运行有定数，大小事物有定规；圣功由此而生，神明由此而出。​​
​这种“盗机”之理，天下无人能见无人能知。君子得之可修身，小人得之则丧命。​​
​盲人善于听，聋人善于看。杜绝一种诱惑，功效胜过十倍兵力；日夜反思，功效胜过万倍兵力。​​
​心因外物而生，因外物而死，关键在于“目”（欲望）。​​
​天看似无情却有大恩。雷霆风暴，万物无不震动。​​
​极度快乐使人放纵，极度宁静使人廉洁。天看似自私，用之却极公平。​​
​控制鸟兽在于气息。生是死的根源，死是生的根源。​​
​恩生于害，害生于恩。​​
​愚人以为天地文理是神圣，我却认为时物变化才是智慧。​​
​人以愚笨揣测圣人，我以不愚揣测圣人；人以奇异期待圣人，我以不奇期待圣人。​​
​故曰：沉入水火，自取灭亡。​​
​自然之道寂静，故天地万物生长。天地之道浸润，故阴阳相胜。阴阳交替，变化顺遂。​​
​因此圣人知道自然之道不可违背，因而顺应并利用它。至静之道，连律历都无法精确描述。​​
​于是有奇妙的“器”（规律），生出万象，八卦甲子，神机莫测。阴阳相胜之术，清晰可见于万象之中。​​

​英文翻译（英文意译）​​

​Observe the Way of Heaven, follow its workings—this is the ultimate truth.​​
​Heaven has five "thieves" (referring to the Five Elements, disasters, opportunities, etc.). Those who see them prosper. Mastering these, one controls the universe; all transformations arise from oneself.​​
​Heaven's nature is human nature; the human mind is the mechanism. Establish Heaven's Way to guide humanity.​​
​There is no eternal nobility, no fixed teacher in affairs. The sage has no fixed mind, taking the people's hearts as his own.​​
​When Heaven activates its killing force, stars shift; when Earth does, dragons and snakes stir; when humans do, Heaven and Earth reverse. When Heaven and Man act together, all changes are set.​​
​Human nature has skill and clumsiness; it can be concealed. The evils of the nine orifices hinge on three essentials—movement or stillness is possible.​​
​Fire born from wood brings destruction; treachery in a state leads to collapse when the time comes. Those who understand and cultivate are sages.​​
​Heaven gives life and takes it away—this is the Way.​​
​Heaven and Earth plunder all things; all things plunder humans; humans plunder all things. When these three thefts are balanced, the Three Powers (Heaven, Earth, Man) are at peace.​​
​Thus: Eat at the right time, and the body thrives; Act at the right moment, and all transformations are stable.​​
​People see only the miraculous surface, not the true wonder in the ordinary.​​
​The sun and moon move by fixed laws; all things have their measure. From this arise saintly deeds and divine wisdom.​​
​This "thief's mechanism" is unseen and unknown to all. The noble gain it to refine themselves; the petty lose their lives with it.​​
​The blind hear well; the deaf see well. Cutting off one distraction yields tenfold results; reflecting day and night yields ten thousandfold.​​
​The heart is born from things and dies by them—the key lies in the eyes (desire).​​
​Heaven seems merciless but grants great grace. Thunder and storms shake all things.​​
​Extreme joy makes one reckless; extreme stillness makes one incorruptible. Heaven seems selfish, but its use is supremely fair.​​
​Control of birds and beasts lies in their breath. Life is the root of death; death is the root of life.​​
​Grace arises from harm; harm arises from grace.​​
​Fools think Heaven's patterns are sacred; I believe the patterns of the times are wisdom.​​
​People judge sages with foolishness; I judge them without foolishness. People expect sages to be strange; I expect them to be ordinary.​​
​Thus: Sinking into fire or water is self-destruction.​​
​The natural Way is silent, so all things grow. The Way of Heaven and Earth seeps in, so Yin and Yang prevail. Their alternation brings smooth change.​​
​Thus the sage knows the natural Way cannot be defied—thus he masters it. The Way of Supreme Stillness cannot be captured by laws or calendars.​​
​Hence there is a marvelous "device" (principle) that gives rise to all phenomena. The Eight Trigrams and sixty-four hexagrams, divine mechanisms hidden in mystery. The art of Yin-Yang victory is clearly seen in these patterns.​​

​背景补充​

​​作者与成书​

• ​传统说法​：传为黄帝所作，但实际成书可能在战国至汉代之间，作者不详。
• ​核心思想​：融合道家“无为”、兵家“权谋”、阴阳家“五行”等思想，强调顺应天道、把握时机。

​​主要内容​

• ​哲学观​：提出“天人合一”“盗机”（利用规律）等概念，认为万物相互依存、转化。
• ​修炼观​：主张通过“观天之道，执天之行”达到超脱，与《道德经》《周易》一脉相承。
• ​兵法观​：强调“时动则动，时静则静”，与《孙子兵法》的“势”论相通。

​​历史影响​

• ​道教经典​：被收入《道藏》，视为修身、治国的重要典籍。
• ​兵家秘笈​：被兵家（如诸葛亮、李靖）引用，用于战略分析。
• ​文化符号​：常被武侠小说借用（如《侠客行》中的武功秘籍）。

​​争议与解读​

• ​版本差异​：现存多个版本（如褚遂良楷书碑刻、李筌注本），文字略有不同。
• ​思想争议​：部分学者认为其“盗机”思想过于功利，与道家“无为”矛盾。