警幻仙姑赋

​​《警幻仙姑赋》原文​

（清·曹雪芹）
方离柳坞，乍出花房。但行处，鸟惊庭树；将到时，影度回廊。仙袂乍飘兮，闻麝兰之馥郁；荷衣欲动兮，听环佩之铿锵。靥笑春桃兮，云堆翠髻；唇绽樱颗兮，榴齿含香。纤腰之楚楚兮，回风舞雪；珠翠之辉辉兮，满额鹅黄。出没花间兮，宜嗔宜喜；徘徊池上兮，若飞若扬。蛾眉颦笑兮，将言而未语；莲步乍移兮，欲止而仍行。羡彼之良质兮，冰清玉润；慕彼之华服兮，闪灼章华。爱彼之貌容兮，香培玉篆；美彼之态度兮，凤翥龙翔。其素若何？春梅绽雪。其洁若何？秋菊被霜。其静若何？松生空谷。其艳若何？霞映澄塘。其文若何？龙游曲沼。其神若何？月射寒江。应惭西子，实愧王嫱。奇矣哉，生于孰地？来自何方？信矣乎，瑶池不二，紫府无双。果何人哉？如斯之美，如斯之艳，如斯之出尘，如斯之不可方物！

​中文翻译（意译）​​

刚刚离开柳林掩映的仙坞，轻巧地走出鲜花环绕的闺房。所到之处，鸟儿惊飞于庭前树梢；将至之时，身影飘过曲折的回廊。仙衣飘飘间，传来麝香与兰草的馥郁芬芳；荷叶般的衣袖微动，环佩叮咚作响。笑靥如春日桃花般明媚，发髻如云朵堆叠翠绿；朱唇似樱桃般红润，贝齿如石榴籽含香。纤细的腰肢轻盈曼妙，舞动时如风拂雪花；珠翠首饰光彩熠熠，额间点缀鹅黄。她在花丛间若隐若现，时而嗔怒时而欢愉；在池畔徘徊游走，似要飞起又似随风飘扬。弯弯的蛾眉含笑欲语，莲步轻移似停还行。羡慕她纯净的资质，如冰清玉润般高洁；爱慕她华美的衣裳，光彩闪烁胜过织锦。喜爱她如香玉雕琢的容颜，赞叹她如凤凰展翅、蛟龙腾空的风姿。她的素雅像什么？春日梅花绽于雪中。她的洁净像什么？秋菊披霜傲立。她的宁静像什么？青松生长于空谷。她的艳丽像什么？霞光映照澄澈池塘。她的文采像什么？蛟龙游弋曲折池塘。她的神韵像什么？月光洒落寒江之上。纵使西施也会自惭形秽，王昭君也自觉黯然失色。奇妙啊！她究竟生于何地？来自何方？确实啊！瑶池仙境无二，紫府天宫无双。究竟是何人？如此美丽，如此艳丽，如此超凡脱俗，如此难以形容！

​英文翻译（许渊冲 译）​​

Ode to the Fairy of Warning Illusions
Just leaving willow dock, she comes out of flower bower.
Where’er she walks, birds startle in trees overhead;
Ere she arrives, her shadow flits from bowers to bowers.
Her fairy sleeves fluttering, musk and orchid spread their sweet breath;
Her lotus dress about to move, jade pendants tinkle with her steps.
Her smiling cheeks are peach blossoms in spring,
Her cloud-like hair piled high, emerald-green.
Her lips like cherries red, her teeth like pomegranate seeds.
Her slender waist so graceful, dances like snow in wind;
Her pearls and jade so bright, gleam like golden hairpin on her forehead.
She appears and disappears among flowers, now gay, now shy;
She lingers by the pool, now flying, now floating in the sky.
Her arched brows frown or smile as if to speak but not to say,
Her lotus steps move lightly, as if to stop but still go away.
I envy her pure nature, as clear as ice and jade;
I admire her gorgeous dress, shining like brocade.
I love her face so fair, carved and polished like fragrant jade;
I praise her graceful bearing, like phoenix soaring or dragon straying.
How white she is? Like plum blossoms in snow.
How clean she is? Like autumn chrysanthemums in frost.
How quiet she is? Like pines growing in an empty valley.
How beautiful she is? Like rosy clouds reflected in a limpid pool.
How talented she is? Like dragons swimming in winding pools.
How charming she is? Like moonbeams shooting over a cold river.
Even Xi Shi would feel ashamed,
And Wang Zhaojun would lose her charm.
Wonderful indeed！ Where was she born? Where does she come from?
Truly, no equal in Jade Pool,
No match in Purple Mansion.
Who is she? So fair, so bright,
So transcendental, so beyond compare!

​背景补充​

《警幻仙姑赋》是《红楼梦》第五回“游幻境指迷十二钗，饮仙醪曲演红楼梦”中贾宝玉梦游太虚幻境时，对警幻仙姑的精彩描写，展现了仙姑的超凡脱俗之美，也暗示了书中“情”“幻”“劫”的主旨。

• ​创作情境​：
  贾宝玉在秦可卿房中睡去后，梦入太虚幻境。警幻仙姑“司人间之风情月债，掌尘世之女怨男痴”，她引领宝玉游历仙境，让其阅览“金陵十二钗”正册、副册、又副册，听演《红楼梦》十二支曲，以警其“迷津”。此赋便是宝玉初见警幻仙姑时，对其容貌、气质、风姿的倾慕之词。
• ​人物塑造​：
  • ​警幻仙姑​：她是太虚幻境的主人，象征着一种超脱尘世的警醒力量。“警幻”之名，寓意“警戒幻情”，她的出现是为了点化宝玉，让他明白“情”的虚幻与无常。赋中对她的描写极尽华美，既突出了她的仙姿佚貌，也暗示了她作为“情之警者”的特殊身份。
  • ​与宝玉的关系​：警幻仙姑对宝玉而言，既是引领者，也是警示者。她通过展示“金陵十二钗”的命运，让宝玉提前窥知人生的悲剧结局，试图引导他跳出“情”的迷障。然而，宝玉虽一时有所感悟，却终究难以摆脱尘世的羁绊。
• ​文学意义​：
  • ​美学价值​：此赋运用了大量的比喻、排比、对偶等修辞手法，如“其素若何？春梅绽雪。其洁若何？秋菊被霜”等，从不同角度描绘警幻仙姑的美，语言华丽优美，富有诗意，展现了曹雪芹高超的文学造诣。
  • ​主题暗示​：赋中对警幻仙姑“超凡脱俗”的描写，与贾府乃至整个尘世的“繁华虚幻”形成鲜明对比，暗示了书中人物命运的悲剧性和人生的无常。同时，也体现了《红楼梦》“色空观”的思想，即“情”与“色”皆为虚幻，最终都将归于“空”。
  • ​文化内涵​：在中国传统文化中，“仙姑”形象往往具有超凡的能力和高洁的品质。警幻仙姑的形象融合了道家、佛家的思想元素，她的出现不仅丰富了作品的文化内涵，也反映了作者对人生、对社会的深刻思考。