五柳先生传

《五柳先生传》原文

先生不知何许人也，亦不详其姓字，宅边有五柳树，因以为号焉。闲静少言，不慕荣利。好读书，不求甚解；每有会意，便欣然忘食。性嗜酒，家贫不能常得。亲旧知其如此，或置酒而招之；造饮辄尽，期在必醉。既醉而退，曾不吝情去留。环堵萧然，不蔽风日；短褐穿结，箪瓢屡空，晏如也。常著文章自娱，颇示己志。忘怀得失，以此自终。
赞曰：黔娄之妻有言：“不戚戚于贫贱，不汲汲于富贵。”其言兹若人之俦乎？衔觞赋诗，以乐其志，无怀氏之民欤？葛天氏之民欤？

中文翻译

不知道五柳先生是什么地方的人，也不清楚他的姓字。因为住宅旁边有五棵柳树，就把这个作为号了。他安安静静，很少说话，也不羡慕荣华利禄。他喜欢读书，不在一字一句的解释上过分深究；每当对书中的内容有所领会的时候，就会高兴得连饭也忘了吃。他生性喜爱喝酒，家里穷经常没有酒喝。亲戚朋友知道他这种境况，有时摆了酒席叫他去喝。他去喝酒就喝个尽兴，希望一定喝醉；喝醉了就回家，竟然说走就走。简陋的居室里空空荡荡，遮挡不住严寒和烈日，粗布短衣上打满了补丁，盛饭的篮子和饮水的水瓢里经常是空的，可是他还是安然自得。常常写文章来自娱自乐，也稍微透露出他的志趣。他从不把得失放在心上，从此过完自己的一生。
赞语说：黔娄的妻子曾经说过：“不为贫贱而忧愁，不热衷于发财做官。这话大概说的是五柳先生这一类的人吧？一边喝酒一边作诗，因为自己的志向而感到无比快乐，他大概是无怀氏时候的百姓，或者是葛天氏时候的百姓吧？

英文翻译

Mr. Wuliu (the man with five willow trees) is of unknown origin. His surname and given name are also not clear. There are five willow trees beside his house, so he takes "Wuliu" as his courtesy name. He is quiet and speaks little, and does not covet wealth and fame. He loves reading, but he does not seek a thorough understanding of every word and sentence. Whenever he grasps the meaning of what he reads, he will be so happy that he forgets to eat. He has a natural love for wine, but his family is poor and he cannot always get it. His relatives and old friends know about his situation, so sometimes they prepare wine and invite him. Once he goes to drink, he drinks until he is completely drunk, hoping to get drunk for sure. After getting drunk, he leaves without caring whether he stays or goes. His shabby room is bare, unable to keep out the wind and the sun. His short coat is patched and his bamboo basket and gourd ladle are often empty, but he remains calm and content. He often writes articles for his own amusement, which also shows his aspirations to some extent. He forgets about gains and losses and lives out his life in this way.
In the commentary, it is said: Yanluo's wife once said, "Do not worry about poverty and low - status, and do not be eager for wealth and high - ranking positions." Are these words applicable to people like Mr. Wuliu? Holding a wine cup and composing poems, he enjoys his own aspirations. Is he a man of the time of King Huai (a legendary ancient ruler) or a man of the time of King Ge (another legendary ancient ruler)?

背景补充

创作年代

一般认为《五柳先生传》是东晋陶渊明所作，具体创作年份难以确考，大致创作于他归隐田园之后的一段时间。

创作意图

• ​自况之作​：这篇文章是陶渊明的自传性散文。当时社会门阀制度森严，政治黑暗，许多文人为了追求功名利禄而阿谀奉承、趋炎附势。陶渊明不愿与世俗同流合污，选择归隐田园。他通过塑造“五柳先生”这一形象，以“五柳”为号，将自己淡泊名利、安贫乐道、率真自然、热爱读书饮酒和写作的性格特点融入其中，表达了自己的人生志趣和精神追求。
• ​宣扬理想人格​：在文中，陶渊明借五柳先生之口，传达出一种超越世俗价值观的理想人格。“不戚戚于贫贱，不汲汲于富贵”，体现了他对功名利禄的淡泊态度；“好读书，不求甚解；每有会意，便欣然忘食”，展现了他对知识纯粹的热爱和对精神世界的追求。这种理想人格是对当时社会不良风气的一种批判和否定，也是对后世文人的一种精神激励。

文学影响

《五柳先生传》开创了中国文学史上自传体散文的先河，以其简洁生动的语言、鲜明独特的人物形象和深刻的思想内涵，成为中国古代散文中的经典之作。它对后世的文学创作产生了深远的影响，许多文人在创作自传或塑造人物形象时，都借鉴了《五柳先生传》的写作手法和精神内涵。同时，五柳先生的形象也成为了中国传统文化中隐士的典型代表，象征着一种高洁、淡泊、自由的精神境界。