岳阳楼记

《岳阳楼记》原文

庆历四年春，滕子京谪守巴陵郡。越明年，政通人和，百废具兴，乃重修岳阳楼，增其旧制，刻唐贤今人诗赋于其上，属予作文以记之。
予观夫巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖。衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤，横无际涯，朝晖夕阴，气象万千，此则岳阳楼之大观也，前人之述备矣。然则北通巫峡，南极潇湘，迁客骚人，多会于此，览物之情，得无异乎？
若夫霪雨霏霏，连月不开，阴风怒号，浊浪排空，日星隐曜，山岳潜形，商旅不行，樯倾楫摧，薄暮冥冥，虎啸猿啼。登斯楼也，则有去国怀乡，忧谗畏讥，满目萧然，感极而悲者矣。
至若春和景明，波澜不惊，上下天光，一碧万顷，沙鸥翔集，锦鳞游泳，岸芷汀兰，郁郁青青。而或长烟一空，皓月千里，浮光跃金，静影沉璧，渔歌互答，此乐何极！登斯楼也，则有心旷神怡，宠辱偕忘，把酒临风，其喜洋洋者矣。
嗟夫！予尝求古仁人之心，或异二者之为，何哉？不以物喜，不以己悲，居庙堂之高则忧其民，处江湖之远则忧其君。是进亦忧，退亦忧。然则何时而乐耶？其必曰“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”乎！噫！微斯人，吾谁与归？
时六年九月十五日。

中文翻译

庆历四年的春天，滕子京被降职到巴陵郡做太守。到了第二年，政事顺利，百姓和乐，各种荒废的事业都兴办起来了。于是重新修建岳阳楼，扩大它原有的规模，把唐代名家和当代人的诗赋刻在它上面。嘱托我写一篇文章来记述这件事情。
我看那巴陵郡的美好景色，全在洞庭湖上。它连接着远处的山，吞吐长江的水流，浩浩荡荡，无边无际，一天里阴晴多变，气象千变万化。这就是岳阳楼的壮丽景象。前人的记述已经很详尽了。那么向北面通到巫峡，向南面直到潇水和湘水，降职的官吏和来往的诗人，大多在这里聚会，他们观赏自然景物而触发的感情大概会有所不同吧？
像那阴雨连绵，接连几个月不放晴，寒风怒吼，浑浊的浪冲向天空；太阳和星星隐藏起光辉，山岳隐没了形体；商人和旅客不能通行，船桅倒下，船桨折断；傍晚天色昏暗，虎在长啸，猿在悲啼，这时登上这座楼啊，就会有一种离开国都、怀念家乡，担心人家说坏话、惧怕人家批评指责，满眼都是萧条的景象，感慨到了极点而悲伤的心情。
到了春风和煦，阳光明媚的时候，湖面平静，没有惊涛骇浪，天色湖光相连，一片碧绿，广阔无际；沙洲上的鸥鸟，时而飞翔，时而停歇，美丽的鱼游来游去，岸上的香草和小洲上的兰花，草木茂盛，青翠欲滴。有时大片烟雾完全消散，皎洁的月光一泻千里，波动的光闪着金色，静静的月影像沉入水中的玉璧，渔夫的歌声在你唱我和地响起来，这种乐趣真是无穷无尽啊！这时登上这座楼，就会感到心胸开阔、心情愉快，光荣和屈辱一并忘了，端着酒杯，吹着微风，那真是快乐高兴极了。
唉！我曾经探求古时品德高尚的人的思想感情 ，或许不同于以上两种人的心情，这是为什么呢？是由于不因外物好坏和自己得失而或喜或悲。在朝廷里做高官就应当心系百姓；处在僻远的江湖间也不能忘记关注国家安危。这样来说在朝廷做官也担忧，在僻远的江湖也担忧。既然这样，那么他们什么时候才会感到快乐呢？他们一定会说：“在天下人忧之前先忧，在天下人乐之后才乐”。唉！如果没有这种人，我同谁一道呢 ？
写于庆历六年九月十五日。

英文翻译

In the spring of the fourth year of the Qingli era, Teng Zijing was demoted to be the prefect of Baling Prefecture. The following year, the administration was in good order, the people were harmonious, and all neglected affairs were set in motion. Then he rebuilt the Yueyang Tower, expanded its original scale, and inscribed the poems and essays of the sages of the Tang Dynasty and contemporary scholars on it. He entrusted me to write an essay to commemorate this.
I have observed that the beauty of Baling lies in the Dongting Lake alone. It embraces the distant mountains and swallows the Yangtze River. Its waters roll on endlessly, stretching as far as the eye can see. The morning sun and the evening shadows bring about a myriad of changing scenes. Such is the magnificent view of the Yueyang Tower, which has been amply described by our predecessors. However, the tower is located to the north of the Wushan Gorge and to the south of the Xiao and Xiang Rivers. Many exiled officials and traveling poets gather here. When they gaze upon the scenery, their emotions must surely differ, wouldn't they?
When the continuous drizzle lasts for months without clearing up, when the cold wind howls angrily and the muddy waves surge to the sky; when the sun and stars hide their radiance and the mountains and rivers lose their forms; when merchants and travelers cannot travel and the masts collapse and the oars break; when dusk falls and it gets gloomy, with tigers roaring and monkeys howling. If one climbs to this tower at such a time, one will feel a deep sense of sadness, lamenting the departure from the capital and the longing for one's hometown, fearing slander and criticism, and seeing nothing but desolation, overwhelmed with grief.
But when the spring breeze is gentle and the sunshine is bright, the lake is calm without any stormy waves. The sky and the water merge into one, presenting a vast expanse of blue. The sandpipers fly and perch on the sandbars, and the colorful fish swim gracefully. The fragrant herbs on the shore and the orchids on the islets are lush and green. Sometimes, when the thick mist clears up completely, the bright moon shines over a thousand miles. The rippling light sparkles like gold, and the still reflection of the moon sinks like a jade disc. The fishermen's songs echo back and forth, creating an endless source of joy. If one climbs to this tower at such a time, one will feel relaxed and happy, forgetting both glory and humiliation. Holding a cup of wine and facing the breeze, one will be filled with boundless delight.
Alas! I have once tried to understand the state of mind of the ancient virtuous men. Perhaps it is different from the feelings of the two types of people mentioned above. Why is that? It is because they do not rejoice in material gains or grieve over personal losses. When they hold high positions in the court, they worry about the people; when they live in seclusion in the remote regions, they worry about their sovereign. In this way, they are worried whether they are in office or in retirement. Then, when will they be happy? They will surely say, "Worry about the troubles of the world before others, and enjoy the pleasures of the world after others." Alas! If there are no such people, who will I associate with?
Written on the fifteenth day of the ninth month in the sixth year of the Qingli era.

背景补充

• ​创作背景​
  • 《岳阳楼记》是范仲淹应好友巴陵郡太守滕子京之请，于北宋庆历六年（1046年）九月十五日为重修的岳阳楼写的记文。滕子京与范仲淹同为被贬官员，滕子京到任巴陵郡后，政绩显著，便重修岳阳楼，并嘱托范仲淹写一篇文章来记述这件事。
  • 当时的社会处于北宋中期，内部面临着官僚机构臃肿、土地兼并严重、财政危机等问题；外部则受到辽国和西夏的威胁。范仲淹作为一位有远见卓识的政治家，一直致力于改革，提出了“庆历新政”，但遭到了保守派的反对而失败。在这样的背景下，范仲淹借为岳阳楼作记的机会，表达了自己的人生理想和政治抱负。
• ​岳阳楼简介​
  • 岳阳楼位于湖南省岳阳市古城西门城墙之上，下瞰洞庭，前望君山，自古有“洞庭天下水，岳阳天下楼”之美誉，与湖北武汉黄鹤楼、江西南昌滕王阁并称为“江南三大名楼”。
  • 岳阳楼始建于东汉建安二十年（215年），历代屡加重修，现存建筑沿袭清光绪六年（1880年）重建时的形制与格局。岳阳楼主楼高19.42米，进深14.54米，宽17.42米，为三层、四柱、飞檐、盔顶、纯木结构。楼中四根楠木金柱直贯楼顶，周围绕以廊、枋、椽、檩互相榫合，结为整体。