洛神赋

《洛神赋》原文

黄初三年，余朝京师，还济洛川。古人有言，斯水之神，名曰宓妃。感宋玉对楚王神女之事，遂作斯赋，其辞曰：
余从京域，言归东藩，背伊阙 ，越轘辕，经通谷，陵景山。日既西倾，车殆马烦。尔乃税驾乎蘅皋，秣驷乎芝田，容与乎阳林，流眄乎洛川。于是精移神骇，忽焉思散。俯则未察，仰以殊观。睹一丽人，于岩之畔。乃援御者而告之曰：“尔有觌于彼者乎？彼何人斯，若此之艳也！”御者对曰：“臣闻河洛之神，名曰宓妃。然则君王所见，无乃是乎？其状若何，臣愿闻之。”
余告之曰：其形也，翩若惊鸿，婉若游龙。荣曜秋菊，华茂春松。髣髴兮若轻云之蔽月，飘飖兮若流风之回雪。远而望之，皎若太阳升朝霞；迫而察之，灼若芙蕖出渌波。秾纤得衷，修短合度。肩若削成，腰如约素。延颈秀项，皓质呈露。芳泽无加，铅华弗御。云髻峨峨，修眉联娟。丹唇外朗，皓齿内鲜。明眸善睐，靥辅承权。瓌姿艳逸，仪静体闲。柔情绰态，媚于语言。奇服旷世，骨像应图。披罗衣之璀粲兮，珥瑶碧之华琚。戴金翠之首饰，缀明珠以耀躯。践远游之文履，曳雾绡之轻裾。微幽兰之芳蔼兮，步踟蹰于山隅。
于是忽焉纵体，以遨以嬉。左倚采旄，右荫桂旗。攘皓腕于神浒兮，采湍濑之玄芝。余情悦其淑美兮，心振荡而不怡。无良媒以接欢兮，托微波而通辞。愿诚素之先达兮，解玉佩以要之。嗟佳人之信修兮，羌习礼而明诗。抗琼珶以和予兮，指潜渊而为期。执眷眷之款实兮，惧斯灵之我欺。感交甫之弃言兮，怅犹豫而狐疑。收和颜而静志兮，申礼防以自持。
于是洛灵感焉，徙倚彷徨。神光离合，乍阴乍阳。竦轻躯以鹤立，若将飞而未翔。践椒涂之郁烈，步蘅薄而流芳。超长吟以永慕兮，声哀厉而弥长。尔乃众灵杂遝，命俦啸侣。或戏清流，或翔神渚。或采明珠，或拾翠羽。从南湘之二妃，携汉滨之游女。叹匏瓜之无匹兮，咏牵牛之独处。扬轻袿之猗靡兮，翳修袖以延伫。体迅飞凫，飘忽若神。凌波微步，罗袜生尘。动无常则，若危若安。进止难期，若往若还。转眄流精，光润玉颜。含辞未吐，气若幽兰。华容婀娜，令我忘餐。
于是屏翳收风，川后静波。冯夷鸣鼓，女娲清歌。腾文鱼以警乘，鸣玉鸾以偕逝。六龙俨其齐首，载云车之容裔。鲸鲵踊而夹毂，水禽翔而为卫。
于是越北沚，过南冈，纡素领，回清阳。动朱唇以徐言，陈交接之大纲。恨人神之道殊兮，怨盛年之莫当。抗罗袂以掩涕兮，泪流襟之浪浪。悼良会之永绝兮，哀一逝而异乡。无微情以效爱兮，献江南之明珰。虽潜处于太阴，长寄心于君王。
忽不悟其所舍，怅神宵而蔽光。于是背下陵高，足往神留。遗情想像，顾望怀愁。冀灵体之复形，御轻舟而上溯。浮长川而忘返，思绵绵而增慕。夜耿耿而不寐，沾繁霜而至曙。命仆夫而就驾，吾将归乎东路。揽騑辔以抗策，怅盘桓而不能去。

中文翻译

黄初三年，我去京师朝拜天子，回来时渡过洛水。传说洛水神灵的名字叫宓妃。因有感于宋玉对楚王所说的神女之事，于是作了这篇赋。赋文为：
我从京城返回东方的封邑。翻过伊厥山，越过轘辕山，经过通谷，登上景山。这时日已西下，车困马乏。于是就在长满杜蘅草的岸边卸了车，在生着芝草的地里喂马。自己则漫步于阳林，纵目眺望水波浩渺的洛川。于是不觉精神恍惚，思绪飘散。低头时还没有看见什么，一抬头，却发现了异常的景象，只见一个绝妙佳人，立于山岩之旁。于是我拉着身边的车夫对他说：“你看见那个人了吗？那是什么人，竟如此艳丽！”车夫回答说：“臣听说河洛之神的名字叫宓妃，然而现在君王所看见的，莫非就是她！她的形状怎样，臣倒很想听听。”
我告诉他说：她的形影，翩然若惊飞的鸿雁，婉约若游动的蛟龙。容光焕发如秋日下的菊花，体态丰茂如春风中的青松。她时隐时现像轻云笼月，浮动飘忽似回风旋雪。远而望之，明洁如朝霞中升起的旭日；近而视之，鲜丽如绿波间绽开的新荷。她体态适中，高矮合度，肩窄如削，腰细如束，秀美的颈项露出白皙的皮肤。既不施脂，也不敷粉，发髻高耸如云，长眉弯曲细长，红唇鲜润，牙齿洁白，一双善于顾盼的闪亮的眼睛，两个面颧下甜甜的酒窝。她姿态优雅妩媚，举止温文娴静，情态柔美和顺，语辞得体可人。洛神服饰奇艳绝世，风骨体貌与图上画的一样。她身披明丽的罗衣，带着精美的佩玉。头戴金银翡翠首饰，缀以周身闪亮的明珠。她脚著饰有花纹的远游鞋，拖着薄雾般的裙裾，隐隐散发出幽兰的清香，在山边徘徊倘佯。
忽然又飘然轻举，且行且戏，左面倚着彩旄，右面有桂旗庇荫，在河滩上伸出素手，采撷水流边的黑色芝草。我钟情于她的淑美，不觉心旌摇曳而不安。因为没有合适的媒人去说情，只能借助微波来传递话语。但愿自己真诚的心意能先于别人陈达，我解下玉佩向她发出邀请。可叹佳人实在美好，既明礼义又善言辞，她举着琼玉向我作出回答，并指着深深的水流以为期待。我怀着眷眷之诚，又恐受这位神女的欺骗。因有感于郑交甫曾遇神女背弃诺言之事，心中不觉惆怅、犹豫和迟疑，于是敛容定神，以礼义自持。
这时洛神深受感动，低回徘徊，神光时离时合，忽明忽暗。她像鹤立般地耸起轻盈的躯体，如将飞而未翔；又踏着充满花椒浓香的小道，走过杜蘅草丛而使芳气流动。忽又怅然长吟以表示深沉的思慕，声音哀惋而悠长。于是众神纷至杂沓，呼朋引类，有的戏嬉于清澈的水流，有的飞翔于神异的小渚，有的在采集明珠，有的在俯拾翠鸟的羽毛。洛神身旁跟着娥皇、女英南湘二妃，她手挽汉水之神，为瓠瓜星的无偶而叹息，为牵牛星的独处而哀咏。时而扬起随风飘动的上衣，用长袖蔽光远眺，久久伫立；时而又身体轻捷如飞凫，飘忽游移无定。她在水波上行走，罗袜溅起的水沫如同尘埃。她动止没有规律，像危急又像安闲；进退难以预知，像离开又像回返。她双目流转光亮，容颜焕发泽润，话未出口，却已气香如兰。她的体貌婀娜多姿，令我看了茶饭不思。
在这时风神屏翳收敛了晚风，水神川后止息了波涛，冯夷击响了神鼓，女娲发出清泠的歌声。腾文鱼以警卫车乘，鸣玉鸾以偕逝。六龙俨其齐首，载云车之容裔，鲸鲵踊而夹毂，水禽翔而为卫。
于是越北沚，过南冈，纡素领，回清阳，动朱唇以徐言，陈交接之大纲。恨人神之道殊兮，怨盛年之莫当。抗罗袂以掩涕兮，泪流襟之浪浪。悼良会之永绝兮，哀一逝而异乡。无微情以效爱兮，献江南之明珰。虽潜处于太阴，长寄心于君王。
忽不悟其所舍，怅神宵而蔽光。于是背下陵高，足往神留，遗情想像，顾望怀愁。冀灵体之复形，御轻舟而上溯。浮长川而忘返，思绵绵而增慕。夜耿耿而不寐，沾繁霜而至曙。命仆夫而就驾，吾将归乎东路。揽騑辔以抗策，怅盘桓而不能去。

英文翻译

In the third year of Huangchu, I went to the capital to pay homage to the emperor and returned by crossing the Luo River. It is said that the deity of the Luo River is called Furen (Lady of the Luo). Inspired by what Song Yu said to King Xiang of Chu about the goddess, I composed this ode. The ode goes as follows:
I was returning from the capital to my eastern fief. I crossed Mount Yi and Mount Huan, passed through Tonggu and ascended Mount Jing. By this time, the sun was already setting in the west, and both my chariot and horses were exhausted. So I stopped at the bank covered with Asarum plants to unhitch the chariot and let the horses graze in the land where Ganoderma lucidum grew. Then I strolled alone in the Yanglin Forest and gazed afar at the vast Luo River. Suddenly, I became absent - minded and my thoughts started to wander. When I looked down, I saw nothing, but when I looked up, I was astonished by an extraordinary sight. There stood a peerlessly beautiful lady beside the rocks on the bank. So I pulled the charioteer beside me and asked, "Do you see that person over there? Who is she? How can she be so beautiful?" The charioteer replied, "Your Majesty has heard of the deity of the Luo River, Furen. Could it be that the lady Your Majesty sees is her? What does she look like? I would love to hear about it."
I told him, "Her figure is as graceful as a startled swan and as supple as a swimming dragon. Her beauty is like the chrysanthemums in autumn and her vigor like the pines in spring. She seems like a light cloud veiling the moon and flutters like a swirling snow in the wind. From afar, she is as bright as the morning sun rising through the rosy clouds; up close, she is as radiant as a lotus emerging from the clear waves. Her figure is well - proportioned, neither too tall nor too short. Her shoulders are as if carved, and her waist is as slender as white silk. Her long neck is graceful, and her fair skin is exposed. Without any makeup or powder, her hair is piled high on her head like a cloud, and her long eyebrows are gracefully arched. Her red lips are bright, and her white teeth are shiny. Her bright eyes are full of charm, and the dimples on her cheeks add to her beauty. Her posture is elegant and charming, and her demeanor is gentle and refined. Her soft and graceful bearing is more alluring than words can express. Her extraordinary dress is unmatched in the world, and her figure matches the pictures exactly. She is dressed in bright, shiny silk robes, with jade and green jade pendants hanging from her ears. She wears golden and emerald jewelry on her head, and pearls are strung on her body to shine. She steps on embroidered shoes for long - distance travel and drags light, misty skirts. She exudes a faint fragrance like orchids, and although she has not yet spoken, her breath smells as fragrant as orchids. Her beautiful figure is charming, making me forget to eat."
At this moment, the deity of the wind stopped the wind, the deity of the river calmed the waves. the god of the Yellow River played the drum, and the goddess Nüwa sang a clear song. The colorful fish leaped up to warn the chariot, and the jade and gold phoenixes chirped to accompany the departure. The six dragons held their heads high in unison, carrying the cloud - like chariot gracefully. The whales jumped up on both sides of the wheels, and waterfowl flew around as guards.
Then she crossed the northern islet, passed the southern ridge, twisted her fair neck, and turned her clear face. She moved her red lips slowly to speak and explained the general principles of interaction between gods and humans. She regretted that the ways of gods and humans were different and that she was in the prime of life but could not be with me. She raised her silk sleeves to cover her tears, and tears flowed down her lapels in streams. She mourned the eternal separation of this wonderful meeting and grieved that she would leave and go to a foreign land. Without a way to express my love, I offered a bright jade pendant from the south of the Yangtze River. Although she lived in the dark underworld, she would always keep me in her heart.
Suddenly, I didn't know where she had gone, and I was sad that the divine light was obscured at night. So I turned back, my feet moving forward but my spirit lingering. I left my emotions behind and indulged in imagination, looking back with a heavy heart. I hoped that her divine body would reappear, so I drove the light boat upstream. I floated on the long river and forgot to return, and my longing grew stronger. I was too excited to sleep at night, and the frost got on me until dawn. I ordered the servants to harness the horses, and I was about to return via the eastern road. I held the reins and urged the horses forward, but I lingered and couldn't leave.

背景补充

创作背景

《洛神赋》一般认为是曹植于魏文帝黄初三年（公元222年）所作。曹植一生备受兄长曹丕猜忌迫害，政治上郁郁不得志。相传曹植曾求婚于甄宓（其嫂），未果，而甄宓后被曹丕赐死。黄初三年，曹植入朝京师洛阳后返回封地，途中经过洛水，有感于宋玉对楚王所说的神女之事，联想到自身的身世遭遇，于是创作了这篇赋。不过这种说法并无确凿史料依据，只是后世的一种传说。

曹植其人

曹植（192年 - 232年），字子建，沛国谯县（今安徽省亳州市）人，是曹操与卞夫人的第三子。他自幼聪慧，才思敏捷，十岁左右便能诵读诗论及辞赋数十万言，深得曹操喜爱。曹操曾一度想立他为世子，但在后来的夺嫡之争中，曹植因饮酒无度等原因逐渐失宠，最终曹丕被立为太子。曹丕即位后，对曹植多有打压，多次贬爵徙封。曹植一生才情卓绝，其诗歌、辞赋等文学作品风格华丽，情感真挚，对后世文学发展产生了深远影响。

文学价值

• ​辞藻华丽​：《洛神赋》辞藻极为华丽，运用了大量生动形象的比喻和描写，如“翩若惊鸿，婉若游龙”“髣髴兮若轻云之蔽月，飘飖兮若流风之回雪”等，将洛神的美丽姿态刻画得栩栩如生，给人以强烈的视觉冲击和美的享受。
• ​情感细腻​：赋中细腻地描绘了曹植对洛神的爱慕、向往以及最终无奈分离的惆怅之情。这种复杂而深沉的情感贯穿全文，使读者能够深刻感受到曹植内心的痛苦与挣扎，具有很强的感染力。
• ​艺术手法高超​：在结构上，采用了浪漫主义的手法，通过人神之恋的故事框架，展现了奇幻瑰丽的想象世界。同时，运用了铺陈、渲染等手法，使文章富有节奏感和韵律美。在描写人物方面，从外貌、姿态到心理活动都进行了细致入微的刻画，使洛神的形象跃然纸上，成为中国文学史上经典的女性形象之一。