木兰辞

《木兰辞》原文

唧唧复唧唧，木兰当户织。不闻机杼声，唯闻女叹息。
问女何所思，问女何所忆。女亦无所思，女亦无所忆。
昨夜见军帖，可汗大点兵，军书十二卷，卷卷有爷名。
阿爷无大儿，木兰无长兄，愿为市鞍马，从此替爷征。
东市买骏马，西市买鞍鞯，南市买辔头，北市买长鞭。
旦辞爷娘去，暮宿黄河边，不闻爷娘唤女声，但闻黄河流水鸣溅溅。
旦辞黄河去，暮至黑山头，不闻爷娘唤女声，但闻燕山胡骑鸣啾啾。
万里赴戎机，关山度若飞。朔气传金柝，寒光照铁衣。
将军百战死，壮士十年归。
归来见天子，天子坐明堂。策勋十二转，赏赐百千强。
可汗问所欲，木兰不用尚书郎，愿驰千里足，送儿还故乡。
爷娘闻女来，出郭相扶将；阿姊闻妹来，当户理红妆；小弟闻姊来，磨刀霍霍向猪羊。
开我东阁门，坐我西阁床。脱我战时袍，著我旧时裳。
当窗理云鬓，对镜帖花黄。出门看火伴，火伴皆惊忙：同行十二年，不知木兰是女郎。
雄兔脚扑朔，雌兔眼迷离；双兔傍地走，安能辨我是雄雌？

中文翻译

织布机声一声接一声，木兰对着门在织布。听不见织布机的声音，只听见木兰的叹息声。
问木兰在想什么，问木兰在思念什么。木兰没有想什么，木兰也没有思念什么。
昨夜看见军中的文告，可汗大规模征兵，征兵的名册很多卷，每一卷上都有父亲的名字。
父亲没有大儿子，木兰没有兄长，木兰愿意为此去买鞍马，从此替父亲去出征。
到东边的集市买骏马，到西边的集市买马鞍和垫子，到南边的集市买马嚼子和缰绳，到北边的集市买长鞭。
早晨辞别父母离开，傍晚宿营在黄河边，听不见父母呼唤女儿的声音，只听见黄河水奔腾流淌的声音。
早晨辞别黄河继续前行，傍晚到达黑山头，听不见父母呼唤女儿的声音，只听见燕山胡人的战马啾啾的嘶鸣声。
远行万里奔赴战场，像飞一样地越过一道道关塞山岭。北方的寒气传送着打更的声音，寒冷的月光照着将士们的铠甲。
将士们身经百战，有的战死沙场，有的多年后胜利归来。
胜利归来朝见天子，天子坐在朝堂上（论功行赏）。给木兰记了很大的功勋，赏赐了很多财物。
可汗问木兰想要什么，木兰不愿做尚书省的官，希望骑上千里马，送她回到故乡。
父母听说女儿回来了，互相搀扶着到外城迎接；姐姐听说妹妹回来了，对着门梳妆打扮起来；弟弟听说姐姐回来了，忙着霍霍地磨刀准备杀猪宰羊。
打开我东厢房的门，坐在我西厢房的床上。脱去我打仗时穿的战袍，穿上我以前女孩子的衣裳。
对着窗户梳理像云一样的秀发，对着镜子贴上花黄。走出门去看望同伍的士兵，同伍的士兵都很惊讶：一起共事多年，竟然不知道木兰是女孩子。
提着兔子的耳朵悬在半空时，雄兔两只前脚时常动弹；雌兔两只眼睛时常眯着。雄雌两兔贴近地面跑，怎能辨别哪只是雄兔，哪只是雌兔呢？

英文翻译

Click, click, and click again, Mulan sits at the door and weaves.
No sound of the loom is heard, only her sighs are deep.
"What are you thinking, what are you longing for?" they ask.
"I think of nothing, I long for nothing," she says with a laugh.
Last night I saw the military notice,
The Khan is calling up troops in great numbers.
The roll of conscription is twelve volumes thick,
And every volume bears my father's name.
My father has no grown son,
Mulan has no elder brother.
I'll buy a saddle and a horse,
And serve in my father's place.
In the east market she buys a swift steed,
In the west market a saddle and pad,
In the south market a bridle,
In the north market a long whip.
At dawn she leaves her parents,
At dusk she reaches the Yellow River.
No longer she hears her parents' call,
But the rushing waters of the Yellow River.
At dawn she leaves the Yellow River,
At dusk she reaches the Black Mountain.
No longer she hears her parents' call,
But the neighing of Hun horses on the Yan Mountain.
She travels ten thousand miles to the war,
Crossing passes and mountains as if flying.
The northern wind carries the sound of the watchman's bell,
The cold moon shines on her armor bright.
Generals die in a hundred battles,
Brave soldiers return after ten years' fight.
When she returns to see the Son of Heaven,
He sits in the Hall of Brightness.
Her merits are recorded in twelve rolls,
And rich rewards are given to her.
The Khan asks what she desires,
"Mulan has no use for a minister's post," she says.
"I wish to ride a swift horse,
To take me back to my home."
When her parents hear their daughter is coming,
They go out to meet her, leaning on each other.
When her sister hears her younger sister is coming,
She dresses up in her best clothes.
When her younger brother hears his elder sister is coming,
He sharpens the knife for the pig and sheep.
She opens the door of her east room,
And sits on the bed of her west room.
She takes off her battle robe,
And puts on her old-time dress.
She combs her cloud-like hair by the window,
And puts on yellow flowers before the mirror.
She goes out to see her comrades,
And they are all amazed and astonished:
"We have been together for twelve years,
But who would have thought Mulan was a girl?"
The male rabbit's feet go hop and skip,
The female rabbit's eyes are muddled and sleepy.
When two rabbits run side by side on the ground,
Who can tell the male from the female?

背景补充

《木兰辞》是中国南北朝时期北方的一首长篇叙事民歌，最早收录于南朝陈代僧人智匠所编的《古今乐录》，后经宋代郭茂倩收入《乐府诗集》，归入“横吹曲辞·梁鼓角横吹曲”。
​时代背景​：
南北朝时期（公元420年—589年），中国处于分裂状态，北方先后经历北魏、东魏、西魏、北齐、北周等政权，战乱频繁。北魏政权由鲜卑族建立，长期与北方柔然等游牧民族征战，《木兰辞》中“可汗大点兵”“燕山胡骑”等描述，正是这一时期民族融合与军事冲突的真实写照。
​故事原型​：
木兰的故事并非完全虚构。北魏时期，柔然（北方游牧民族）频繁南侵，北魏政权实行“府兵制”，成年男子需服兵役。当时社会虽以男性为主导，但女性在家庭事务中地位较高（如纺织、持家），部分女性也具备骑射技能。《木兰辞》可能源于民间真实事件的艺术加工，通过虚构的“木兰代父从军”故事，反映了普通家庭在战争中的生存困境，以及女性在特殊情境下的坚韧与智慧。
​文化意义​：
《木兰辞》的核心价值在于突破了传统性别角色的束缚。木兰既是孝顺的女儿（“愿为市鞍马，从此替爷征”），又是英勇的战士（“万里赴戎机，关山度若飞”），最终回归女儿身份时（“对镜帖花黄”），更以“双兔傍地走，安能辨我是雄雌”的隐喻，消解了性别二元对立，歌颂了人的本质力量而非性别差异。
​艺术特色​：
诗歌采用民歌常用的复沓、铺陈手法（如“东市买骏马……北市买长鞭”），语言质朴生动，兼具叙事性与抒情性。场景转换（从织布机前的叹息到黄河边的离别，再到战场上的拼杀与凯旋后的团圆）层层递进，塑造了立体丰满的木兰形象。
《木兰辞》对后世影响深远，不仅成为中华民族的文化符号（如豫剧《花木兰》、迪士尼动画《花木兰》），更被联合国教科文组织列入“世界记忆名录”，成为全人类共同的精神财富。