兰亭集序

《兰亭集序》原文

永和九年，岁在癸丑，暮春之初，会于会稽山阴之兰亭，修禊事也。群贤毕至，少长咸集。此地有崇山峻岭，茂林修竹，又有清流激湍，映带左右，引以为流觞曲水，列坐其次。虽无丝竹管弦之盛，一觞一咏，亦足以畅叙幽情。
是日也，天朗气清，惠风和畅。仰观宇宙之大，俯察品类之盛，所以游目骋怀，足以极视听之娱，信可乐也。
夫人之相与，俯仰一世。或取诸怀抱，悟言一室之内；或因寄所托，放浪形骸之外。虽趣舍万殊，静躁不同，当其欣于所遇，暂得于己，快然自足，不知老之将至；及其所之既倦，情随事迁，感慨系之矣。向之所欣，俯仰之间，已为陈迹，犹不能不以之兴怀，况修短随化，终期于尽！古人云：“死生亦大矣。”岂不痛哉！
每览昔人兴感之由，若合一契，未尝不临文嗟悼，不能喻之于怀。固知一死生为虚诞，齐彭殇为妄作。后之视今，亦犹今之视昔，悲夫！故列叙时人，录其所述，虽世殊事异，所以兴怀，其致一也。后之览者，亦将有感于斯文。

中文翻译

永和九年，是癸丑之年，阴历三月初，（我们）会集在会稽郡山阴城的兰亭，举行修禊活动。众多贤才都汇聚在这里，年长的和年轻的都聚集在一起。兰亭这地方有高峻的山峰，茂盛的树林，高高的竹子。又有清澈湍急的溪流，（如同青罗带一般）环绕在亭子的四周，（我们）引（清流激湍）来作为流觞的曲水，排列坐在曲水旁边。虽然没有演奏音乐的盛况，（但）喝点酒，作点诗，也足以令人抒发内心深处的情意。
这一天，天气晴朗，空气清新，和风温暖畅快。仰望广大无边的天空，俯瞰万物繁多的大地，用来舒展眼力，开阔胸怀，尽情地享受视听的乐趣，实在是快乐呀！
人与人相互交往，很快便度过一生。有的人把自己的胸怀抱负，在室内（跟朋友）面对面地畅谈；有的人就着自己所爱好的事物，寄托情怀，放纵无羁地生活。虽然各有各的爱好，取舍爱好各不相同，安静与躁动不同，（可是）当他们对所接触的事物感到高兴时，一时感到自得，感到高兴和满足，竟然不知道衰老将要到来。等到（对于）那些所得到的东西已经厌倦，感情随着事物的变化而改变，感慨随之产生了。过去所喜欢的东西，转瞬间，已经成为旧迹，尚且不能不因为它引发心中的感触，况且寿命长短，听凭造化，最后归结于消灭。古人说：“死生毕竟是件大事啊。”怎么能不让人悲痛呢！
每当我看到前人兴怀感慨的原因，与我所感叹的好像符契一样相合，没有不面对着他们的文章而嗟叹感伤的，在心里又不能清楚地说明。本来知道把生死等同的说法是不真实的，把长寿和短命等同起来的说法是妄造的。后人看待今人，也就像今人看待前人。可悲呀！所以一个一个记下当时与会的人，录下他们所作的诗篇。纵使时代变了，事情不同了，但触发人们情怀的原因，他们的思想情趣是一样的。后世的读者，也将对这次集会的诗文有所感慨。

英文翻译

In the ninth year of Yonghe (353 AD), which was the year of Guichou, at the beginning of late spring, we gathered at Lanting in Shanyin, Kuaiji Prefecture, for the purification ritual. All the wise and talented people arrived, both the young and the old were present. There were lofty mountains and steep ridges here, with lush forests and tall bamboo. There was also a clear and rapid stream flowing around, which was used as a winding watercourse for floating wine cups. We sat in order by the water. Although there was no grand music, just one cup of wine and one poem were enough to fully express our profound emotions.
On this day, the sky was clear and the air was fresh, with a gentle and pleasant breeze. Looking up at the vast universe and looking down at the abundance of all things on earth, we could let our eyes wander and our minds expand, fully enjoying the pleasures of sight and hearing. It was truly a joyous occasion.
Human life is short. In the blink of an eye, one's life passes by. Some people share their thoughts and aspirations with friends indoors; some entrust their emotions to things they love and live a carefree life. Although people have different preferences and pursuits, and different temperaments, when they are happy with what they encounter and feel temporarily satisfied, they are so content that they forget about the approach of old age. However, when they grow tired of what they have pursued and their emotions change with the circumstances, they can't help but feel sentimental. The things that once brought them joy have become past events in the blink of an eye, and they still can't help but be touched by them. Moreover, life and death are determined by fate, and everyone will eventually die. As the ancients said, "Life and death are indeed significant matters." How can one not feel sad?
Whenever I think about the reasons why the ancient people felt sentimental, it seems to coincide with my own feelings. I can't help but sigh and grieve when I read their writings, and I can't fully express my emotions in my heart. I know that the idea of equating life and death is absurd, and the notion of regarding longevity and premature death as the same is a fallacy. People in the future will look at us just as we look at the past. How sad! Therefore, I listed the names of the people present at that time and recorded the poems they wrote. Although times have changed and events are different, the reasons that trigger people's emotions are the same, and their sentiments are also the same. Future readers will also be touched by these poems.

背景补充

创作背景

东晋永和九年（公元353年）三月初三，王羲之与谢安、孙绰等四十一位军政高官，在山阴（今浙江绍兴）兰亭“修禊”，会上各人做诗，王羲之为他们的诗写的序文手稿。《兰亭序》中记叙兰亭周围山水之美和聚会的欢乐之情，抒发作者对于生死无常的感慨。

创作意图

• ​记录雅集​：文章开篇详细叙述了兰亭雅集的时间、地点、人物和活动内容，如“永和九年，岁在癸丑，暮春之初，会于会稽山阴之兰亭，修禊事也。群贤毕至，少长咸集”，旨在为这次文人雅集留下真实的记录，展示当时文人墨客的风流雅趣。
• ​抒发感慨​：王羲之由眼前的聚会之乐联想到人生的短暂和无常，进而引发了对生死问题的深刻思考。文中“夫人之相与，俯仰一世”“修短随化，终期于尽”等语句，表达了他对人生苦短的感慨和对生命有限的无奈，体现了他对人生的深刻洞察和哲理思考。
• ​文学传承​：作为一篇序文，《兰亭集序》不仅记录了雅集的情况，还为与会者的诗作提供了背景和解读。它将文学、书法、哲学等多种元素融为一体，成为了中国文学史上的经典之作，对后世的文学创作和文化传承产生了深远的影响。

文学影响

• ​文学价值​：《兰亭集序》以其优美的文笔、深刻的思想和独特的艺术风格，被誉为“天下第一行书”。文章语言清新自然，意境深远，既有对山水之美的细腻描绘，又有对人生哲理的深刻思考，具有很高的文学价值。
• ​书法成就​：王羲之的书法造诣极高，《兰亭集序》更是他的代表作之一。其书法笔势委婉含蓄，遒美健秀，被誉为“天下第一行书”。《兰亭集序》在书法史上的地位极高，对后世书法的发展产生了深远的影响，成为了历代书法家学习和模仿的典范。
• ​文化意义​：《兰亭集序》所体现的文人雅集文化、山水审美情趣和生死哲学思考，反映了中国古代文人的精神世界和文化追求。它不仅是中国文学史上的经典之作，也是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，对后世的文化发展产生了深远的影响。